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Human society has relied on fossil fuels, such as oil and coal, for many generations -- and we will probably rely on them for quite a while to come. As many have observed, this is not necessarily a good thing.
The fossil-fuel economy is the standard gasoline-burning world we're used to. But it has some serious downsides to it. Cars powered by the internal combustion engine produce byproducts that are bad for the air, like carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and unburned hydrocarbons. Along similar pollution lines, the fossil-fuel economy is also responsible for a good portion of global warming. Each gallon of gas your car burns emits 5 pounds (2.3 kilograms) of carbon, which contributes to the rising temperature of the atmosphere. Meanwhile, the transportation of the oil used to produce gasoline is often at fault for major environmental pollution problems: Think oil tanker spills, pipeline explosions and well fires. Finally, on the political end of the spectrum, the fossil-fuel economy forces the United States to be dependent on oil-rich countries, as we can't produce enough of our own oil. That has all kinds of repercussions, including allowing other countries to control how much we pay for gas.
Unless and until there is a far-reaching, viable, affordable and accessible-to-the-masses alternative fuel that can get us from point A to point B, the world is stuck with guzzling oil. And guzzle it we do! The answer to which country consumes the most might not be too surprising, considering the size of its economy and standard of living.
No big shocker, the United States consumes more oil than any other country -- specifically, 18.7 million barrels per day, according to 2009 estimates from the CIA World Factbook. The European Union collectively ranks as No. 2 on the list, with 13.7 million barrels per day. China, Japan and India occupy the third, fourth and fifth spots, respectively, with 8.2 million, 4.4 million and 3.0 million barrels of oil per day, according to the CIA's report. Russia, Brazil, Germany, Saudi Arabia and South Korea respectively round out slots six through 10.
See a few determined locals stand up for their community and the Gulf after the oil spill.
Scientists in Scotland announced this week that they figured out a way to produce biofuel from whiskey. At first, this dram fan was horrified: Why would anyone want to waste good whiskey to make biofuel? But the process turns out to be rather brilliant.
A team of researchers at Edinburgh Napier University's Biofuel Research Center led by the center's director, biology professor Martin Tangney, have spent the last two years experimenting with two byproducts of the whiskey-making process.
They took the byproducts, a liquid from copper stills called "pot ale" and spent grains, wonderfully named "draff," and turned it into a butanol "superfuel." The butanol could then be blended with regular gasoline or diesel, similar to the way small amounts of ethanol are blended now, meaning engines wouldn't need any alterations.
The potential market for transforming this organic waste into fuel is actually sizable. According to the university, the $6.25 billion whiskey industry produces more than 400 million gallons of pot ale and 187,000 tons of draff every year. So far, the scientists have filed a patent on the biofuel and plan to start a company that will develop it commercially.
I think the appropriate thing to say now is something along the lines of "cheers!" or "bottoms up!" but I'm going to go with "whiskey-biofuel!" Neat.
Photo: A whiskey library. Credit: Ethan Prater.